Moving Object Detection Video Images Using Matlab Computer Science Essay

Moving Object Detection Video Images Using Matlab Computer Science Essay Moving article recognition is a significant examination subject of PC vision and video handling territories. Identification of moving items In video streams is the main pertinent advance of data extraction in numerous PC vision applications.. This paper advances an improved foundation deduction of moving item recognition of fixed camera condition. At that point consolidating the versatile foundation deduction with even differencing acquires the uprightness frontal area picture. Utilizing chromaticity contrast to dispense with the shadow of the moving objective, adequately recognizes moving shadow and moving objective. The outcomes show that the calculation could rapidly build up the foundation demonstrate and recognize respectability moving objective quickly. Moving item identification is a significant piece of advanced picture handling strategies and it is the base of the many after modern preparing assignment, for example, target acknowledgment and following, target arrangement, conduct comprehension and examination .Aside from the natural helpfulness of having the option to fragment video streams into moving and foundation parts, recognizing moving articles gives a focal point of consideration regarding acknowledgment, characterization and action investigation. The innovation has a wide application prospect, for example, brilliant screen, self-governing route, human PC cooperation, computer generated reality, etc. This paper examines the technique for getting the information of moving article from video pictures by foundation extraction. Article recognition requires two stages: foundation extraction and item extraction. Moving item identification needs static foundation picture. Since each edge of video picture has moving item at that point foundation extraction is essential. Each edge picture taking away the foundation picture can get the moving item picture. This is object extraction. At that point the moving article identification can be accomplished. This paper initially presents two moving item location calculations of fixed scenes outline contrast technique and moving edge strategy and dissects their points of interest and weaknesses, and afterward presents another calculation dependent on them, in conclusion gives the trial results and investigation Foundation extraction of moving item Foundation extraction implies that the foundation, the static scene, is extricated from the video picture. Since the camera is fixed, every pixel of the picture has a relating foundation esteem which is essentially fixed over some stretch of time. Notable issues in foundation extraction incorporate 1)Light changes: foundation model ought to adjust to progressive light changes. 2)Moving foundation: foundation model ought to incorporate changing foundation that isn't of enthusiasm for visual observation, for example, moving trees 3) Cast shadows: the foundation model ought to incorporate the shadow cast by the moving articles that evidently observes the rules moving so as to have an increasingly precise identification of moving item shape. 4)Bootstrapping: the foundation model ought to be appropriately arrangement even without a total and static preparing set toward the start of the section 5) Camouflage: moving articles ought to be distinguished regardless of whether their chromatic highlights are like those of thebackground model. . Computation of back to back edges deduction The strategy uses current two edges or the contrasts between the present edge and its past casing to separate a movement district. In this paper, we receive its improvement techniques to be specific even differencing, that implies picture contrasts of the three current casings. This strategy can evacuate impacts of disclosing foundation which is brought about by movement, precisely acquire shape of moving targets. In the traditional foundation deduction strategy, a fixed reference foundation model for the planned observation zone is developed ahead of time. The customary foundation deduction technique separates moving targets dependent on the distinction between the present picture and the reference foundation model. It functions admirably for applications in controlled conditions, in which a steady light situation can be accomplished misleadingly. Nonetheless, for other visual following applications, for example, traffic observing and security/observation, the enlightenment conditions change after some time with the goal that a fixed reference foundation model isn't practical and may in the end lead to a location disappointment. Therefore, development and support of a solid and exact reference foundation model is critical in foundation deduction based movement location draws near. Figure 1 calculation for foundation deduction Ordinary moving article location calculations Edge distinction technique To identify moving article in the observation video caught by fixed camera, the most straightforward technique is the casing distinction strategy for the explanation that it has incredible recognition speed, can be executed on equipment effectively and has been utilized broadly. While identifying moving article by outline contrast technique, in the distinction picture, the unaltered part is dispensed with while the changed part remains. This change is brought about by development or clamor, so it requires a paired procedure upon the distinction picture to recognize the moving articles and commotion. Associated segment naming is additionally expected to obtain the littlest square shape containing the moving articles. The commotion is accepted as Gaussian background noise figuring the limit of the paired procedure. As indicated by the hypothesis of insights, there is not really any pixel which has scattering multiple seasons of standard deviation. Along these lines the limit is determi ned as following: T â‚ ¬Ã¢ ½Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ u â‚ ¬Ã¢ «Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ 3â ¶ While u is the mean of the distinction picture  ¶ â‚ ¬Ã¢ is the standard deviation of the distinction picture. The stream diagram of the identifying procedure by outline strategy is appeared in fig 2 Fig 2 Frame Differencing Method Moving edge strategy Contrast picture can be viewed as time angle, while edge picture is space slope. Moving edge can be characterized by the rationale AND activity of contrast picture and the edge picture . The benefit of casing contrast strategy is its little computation, and the hindrance is that it is delicate to the commotion. On the off chance that the items don't move however the brilliance of the foundation changes, the aftereffects of edge contrast strategies might be not precise enough. Since the edge has no connection with the splendor, moving edge strategy can conquer the disservice of casing distinction technique. The stream diagram of the recognizing procedure by moving edge strategy is appeared in fig 3 Fig 3. Moving edge strategy Improved Moving item location calculation dependent on outline contrast and edge recognition Moving edge strategy can adequately smother the clamor brought about by light, however it despite everything has some confusions to some other commotion. This paper proposes an improved calculation dependent on outline distinction and edge identification. Upon examination, the technique has better commotion concealment and higher location exactness. 1. Calculation presentation The stream diagram of the discovery procedure by utilizing the technique dependent on outline distinction and edge location introduced in this paper Fig 4. Improved Algorithm The means of new calculation introduced in this paper are as per the following. (1) Get edge pictures Ek-1 and Ek by edge discovery with two consistent edges Fk-1 and Fk by utilizing Canny edge finder. (2) Get edge distinction picture Dk by contrast among Ek and Ek-1. (3) Divide edge distinction picture Dk into some specific little squares and tally the quantity of non-zero pixels in the square, and recorded it as Sk. (4) If Sk is bigger than the edge, mark the square is a moving zone, else it is a static region. Let 1 presents moving region and 0 presents static territory, we can get a grid M. (5) Do associated segments marking to M, and expel the associated parts that are excessively little. (6) Get the littlest square shapes containing the moving items. The calculation has improved both the item Segmentation and article finding. .2 Object division Item division is to separate the picture into moving zone and static region. The calculation introduced in this paper will get the edge pictures first,then contrast them to get the edge distinction picture. In thefinal picture we get, the pixel estimation of foundation territory equivalent to 0 and pixel estimation of the edge of movingobjects equivalent to 1. Presently we will think about the contrast between our calculation and moving edge technique (1) In moving edge strategy, accept two ceaseless outlines are Fk-1 and Fk, foundation is B, moving objects are Mk-1 and Mk, and autonomous repetitive sound Nk-1 and Nk for two edges each. At that point we can have So we can get the contrast between two edges: Utilize Canny edge identification with outlines Fk. We can get edge picture Ek. At that point we can get the outcome: EMk, ENk are edge pictures brought about by Mk and Nk each. Characterize signal commotion proportion is While SEM is the quantity of edges brought about by moving items, and SEN is the quantity of edges brought about by clamor. At that point we know the SNR of the moving edge strategy is (2) In our strategy, we initially get edge pictures by edge indicator: At that point by contrast we get Since in the down to earth framework, the contrast between two edge pictures is total estimation of the distinction esteem and the edges of two pictures are not a similar when the items are moving So very the edge contrast picture we can have the whole of the edges of two casings. Since the commotion is free and two edges are subordinate with one another, we can have The SNR in our calculation is It shows that the SNR in our calculation is not exactly the moving edge technique. Our technique will work all the more proficiently. 3..Detection of moving cast shadows To forestall the moving shadows being misclassified as moving items or parts of moving articles, this paper speaks to an express strategy for location of moving cast shadows on an overwhelming scene foundation. These shadows are created by objects between a light source and the foundation. Moving cast shadows cause a casing contrast

Postmodernism and the commodification of art :: essays research papers

Postmodern Methodology is Hypocrisy  â â â â â€Å"What is striking is absolutely the level of accord in postmodernist talk that there is not, at this point any chance of agreement, the definitive declarations of the vanishing of conclusive position and the advancement and distribution of an aggregate and far reaching account of a social condition in which totality in no longer thinkable.† So there is an agreement that there is no agreement, a power saying there is no last position and a totalizing story that totality does not exist anymore. These three thoughts could persuade that postmodernism is deception. As it were, it must be two-faced. On the off chance that a meaning of postmodernism is the disintegration of the six mainstays of advancement yet those six columns despite everything exist paying little heed to postmodernism that how does postmodernism exist? Postmodernism appears to have two totally separate lines of reasoning. The main line of reasoning is the possibility of paralogy and disturbing the authority . The second line of reasoning is the possibility of commodification. The two appear to have nothing to do with one another. On one hand, one could imagine that postmodernism is something worth being thankful for in light of the fact that it liberates people’s manners of thinking. Postmodernism is the demolition of authority, opening up majority, assorted variety, and heterogeneity. Then again, it commodifies culture and feeds into capitalism†¦though back over in the direct it is by all accounts against private enterprise since free enterprise is authority. For what reason does postmodern idea attempt to disturb the cutting edge entrepreneur authority that it is additionally taking care of into? Postmodernists can profess to contend against everything present day, however where does that really get them? They utilize the case that there are no examples or originals as a worldview for postmodernism, in this manner nullifying the point. Postmodernism is by all accounts a push for Lyotard’s thought of paralogy. We’ll characterize paralogy as â€Å"faulty or purposely conflicting thinking, intended to move and change the structures of reason itself.† It appears that postmodernists are factious to pioneers in order to change reality and force structures, however seem to make another similarly as static reality and force structure in their places. This new reality becomes authority, gets current. So do postmodernists need to advance to remain in front of the ever-changing innovation that they help make? Is the motivation behind postmodernism just to draw in innovation in a force battle? This is, obviously, just my own hypothesis. Culture is Commodified After a burdensome examination of the perusing, class notes and conversations, the creator of this paper has thought of the accompanying outline: All the powers of media and social creation are interrelated.

Tons of Traffic, but Few Conversions Three Ideas for Repurposing Blog Traffic

Tons of Traffic, but Few Conversions Three Ideas for Repurposing Blog Traffic Did they say that hard work pays?Well, it doesn’t seem to have paid in your case.You worked hard to produce original content for your blog only to get traffic that does you no good.Ok, let’s be a bit positive.Your hard work did pay off. You got lots of traffic. The very thing every blogger and online marketer dreams of.But surely, getting lots of traffic isn’t the end, is it?Your tons of traffic was meant to lead to tons of conversions, right?Yet this isn’t the case. You have the traffic but very few conversions. Obviously something somewhere is not right.You might be encouraged to know that you are not alone in this. You are not the only blogger to experience this. That however is not to mean that you can safely and confidently remain in the situation.You need to do something. Fast.But before you rush to doing anything, slow down a little and understand the problem first.Because if you don’t, you are bound to experience it again.WHY YOU HAVE TRAFFIC BUT NO CONVERSIONSImagi ne operating a retail store and you see many customers walking in. You would be excited, expecting that sales will be high. But what if the customers just walked around and bought nothing?In the same way, from your blog, you should see visitors taking the action you hoped they would. To understand the situation, below are some possible reasons.Your offers are not compelling enough.You have something valuable you are selling. Or at least giving out. But if people are not buying or showing interest in the giveaway, then they obviously don’t think they need it.In case they know they need it but still don’t take it, then it’s an issue of them not being convinced.Simply put, you have not convinced them of the need of what you are offering.If they are not convinced, then the likely problem could be caused by one of two things, or both:Value propositionWhatever you are offering, be it a product or service, it must prove itself valuable even before it is bought. Your readers must see the value they will get from what you are offering. If they can’t see that, they won’t buy.Understand that your readers have a problem. Actually, many problems. But for the one which has brought them to your site, they expect you to help them with it.So, as they read through your blog, they are looking for what will convince them you can help them.The reason they are not buying, might be because they haven’t seen the value of it as described in your blog. They might be sensing too much hype, making them do the opposite of what you hoped for.Your messageHow you communicate matters. You may have a great product but poor communication. And when it comes to online marketing, you really have to invest in stellar communication.This is where you bring in a professional copywriter. If you are the copywriter, you should take this situation to mean you are not writing well enough.If for some reason you cannot hire a pro, then you need to learn how to write great copy.Copy is the materia l which is intended to sell a product or service. This is more like the transcript of an advertisement.If you have a quality product, then you need the right words to talk about it.You are using high-volume keywords.Keywords are key in SEO. If you are to enjoy any success in online marketing, you must know how to implement SEO. At least the basics.With many aspects of SEO being necessary to the establishing of a strong brand, keywords are easily the simplest implementation of them all. Still, there are different kinds of keywords.It happens that the easiest to work with are the high-volume keywords. This is because they are very attractive to marketers and bloggers since they draw in massive traffic.Keyword research tools make it easy to know which keywords are being searched for most. As a result, many people go for those with the highest searches.The reasoning is simple and quite true in theory: the more the traffic, the more the conversions. In reality though, the best that can b e produced by these keywords is a higher number of possible conversions.Be sure to get the difference: more traffic doesn’t guarantee more conversions. It merely provides an opportunity for more conversions.Using the example given earlier of a retail store, more traffic is like more customers in the store. The high number of people does not guarantee purchases. It just increases the possibility of high sales.It is after attracting the traffic that you need to think harder about convincing them to buy.If you are getting tons of traffic but little conversions, then it could be because you used high-volume keywords.Apart from greatly lowering your conversion rates, consider the below potential downsides of these keywords.High bounce ratesHigh bounce rates are one of the things everyone wants to avoid, including you. High bounce rates indicate that there are too many visitors to your site who leave soon after landing there.This can be a big discouragement to you when you are working h ard to build your brand. With a high bounce rate, you will never build trust with your visitors.Also, you will not successfully create awareness for your brand and worse still, may struggle repairing the damage caused.Higher costs for clicksVery few websites exist on the internet without some form of Pay Per Click (PPC) advertising. Some refer to it as Cost Per Click (CPC). If you have these running on your site and they are part of the traffic source, you are in trouble.Many people are seeing your ads and clicking them.They may be on the search engine search results page or hosted on other websites.Since you pay for the times the ads are clicked, then you will surely be paying a lot of money. This wouldn’t have been a problem if you were getting what you were looking for. But now that you aren’t, it is therefore an extra cost.An unnecessary cost. This underscores the need to act quickly.Wasted lead generation effortsLead generation is important for your blogging business. You a im to cultivate your prospects and bring them to a point of making a decision. The more decisions are made the better. You therefore naturally put in efforts in this noble task.But when you have a lot of traffic, you will definitely get a lot of irrelevant inquiries. Some people may simply not have seen what they wanted then opted to ask you about it.Maybe even call you.Only for you to realize that the conversation is headed nowhere.You may probably not respond to some of the form submissions, thus saving some efforts.But what about the time it took you to read or skim through them? Your time is just as important as any other resource you have. And when it’s not used for productivity, then it’s getting wasted.You have not achieved authority status.Another reason you may be facing this situation is because your readers are yet to see you as an authority in your niche.The fact that you are having much traffic is not necessarily a reflection of your authority on the subject you blo g about. It could be that you get the traffic simply because of numerous backlinks or some pretty good referrals.For you to make significant headway in your blogging business, you need to become an authority of some sorts. Or, in words which are more blogger-oriented, you need to become an influencer.If the problem is lack of authority, then you have some work to do. It is not difficult anyway. And to prove it, here are six things you can do to become an authority in your niche.Define your niche betterAlthough you may have done this before you started blogging, do not ignore the possible need to go back to it. This could be the difference between thriving and struggling.When you look at how big brands do business, you will learn a valuable lesson about defining your niche. For example, there are car manufacturers who focus only on luxury.Some go ahead and focus purely on the super luxury.If you were to check their sales figures, they would be too low to compare with brands which sel l to the not-so-wealthy customers.For instance, Toyota has a hold on this niche whereas others like Rolls Royce have a hold on the luxury niche.When you understand your niche well, you focus on it and eventually attract only that. Your niche will always pay off.Pursuing a broad niche, like Toyota, can also work. But you will need to come up with some smart ways to push your brand.Know your customerOnce your niche is well defined, then you can study your prospective customer. What kind of interests does he have? What is he likely to respond to? Which words must you use in your writing? What style should you write in? How often should you write?Knowing your customer also helps you solve the very problematic issue of high volume keywords. This is because you will know exactly which keywords to use.Since you have narrowed your focus, this becomes easier.If you are targeting the masses, you can still narrow down your focus and have a sub-niche. For example, if you are a fashion blogger, you could focus on men’s fashion.If there are many in that sub-niche, you can decide to focus on men’s suits.Be uniqueUnless you are inventing something totally new, you will have to make your product stand out. The internet is definitely a crowded place and you need to be unique. This is what is referred to having a Unique Selling Point (USP). This is what you will use to draw customers to your blog. If you want sign-ups, this is what you will use to show your content is very different from what is out there.Here are some tips on determining your Unique Selling Point.Write valuable contentThere will never be enough emphasis about the quality of content you have to write for maximum, or even considerable conversions. Content is primarily what will make you stand out. You may have a great product but the message is what will make it known.Whatever your product is, ensure it is valuable.This value is then what you will sell.Using the right words and writing style, communicating th is value will bring you the results you expect.Join relevant forumsThis is so important that if you fail to do it, you might take years to make a name. People are always talking, although it may not be on the comments section of your blog. It may not even be on your Facebook page.You will need to find out where the people in your niche meet up.Register to become a member then start participating in the conversations.Be careful not to directly market yourself, unless it is the norm in that platform.Since you are after customers, you need to go to open forums where people discuss about your niche. These people shouldn’t just be businesses but there should be customers too.Be on the lookout for questions asked and give very good and helpful answers. If you can be the first one to answer, the better.Gradually, you will be noticed for your expertise and when you link an answer to your blog, the people who visit will do exactly what you want them to do.Use testimonialsLastly, you have t o prove yourself to be valuable. But this you can’t just do using your own words. Let other people say it. Encourage people to share their experience working with you. Or their experience with the advice you gave them.You can ask for comments about the newsletters you send out then include that feedback on your blog.When new blog visitors see the positive feedback from other customers, then you stand better chances of being trusted more quickly.Studies show that feedback influences customers’ decisions. When a customer sees that other customers trust you, then it makes it easier for them to choose you too.This is why online stores   encourage buyers to give product reviews.Generally speaking, products with more positive reviews get bought more than those without.We have looked at the problem and seen how it might have come about. So what next?REPURPOSING YOUR BLOG TRAFFICIf you have been looking at the data and felt frustrated, cheer up. We have some advice for you.Just as junk materials are repurposed to produce more usable products, so can you repurpose the seemingly junk traffic.It might interest you to know that those numbers are not useless.As much as they are not giving you what you want, they provide a very good opportunity.You just have to know what to do with it.1. Redirect the Traffic to a Landing PageIf what you want are conversions, then you can have them. And one of the ways to repurpose the amount of traffic which is not converting is to redirect it to a landing page.Landing pages are a smart way of making conversions. They are mostly viewed as the first step in the lead generation process.The idea is simple: anyone who lands there and makes a move is a potential conversion.How do you know that?Because that is what the landing page is all about. Landing pages are designed to filter traffic. Anyone taking the action described is essentially saying that they want what you are offering. The trick is in designing the page in a way which will make people take action.When you redirect the heavy traffic to a landing page created to do the job well, you will certainly see results.Since the communication on the page is clear and direct, anyone who is not for your product will leave. But anyone who is for it will surely buy.This option gives you a very ideal solution in which there is no loss at all on your side. If many leave, then no problem. They were leaving in the first place. If many buy, then you have an advantage.You can however be sure of one thing: if you do it right, you will see an increase in conversions. Here are some tips to help you set up a landing page. If you already have one but it’s under-performing, then you can make it better.1.1 Have a killer headline Landing page headlines are important not only for content but also for your landing page. The headline must be a serious attention grabber since it is what will determine whether the visitor stays longer.It must also be short. In fact, as short as possible. Not too short to be unable to provide meaning but short enough to arouse expectation.1.2 Use sub-headlinesYour sub-headline is the slightly-long description of your product. Normally, it comes right under your headline though this is not totally necessary.It’s possible that your overall communication about your offering may not make sense coming after the headline.You can have it above the headline but ensure it doesn’t stand out more than the headline.Choose a few words which will stand out and use them as your headline.Keep the font of your headline bigger than the sub-headline so as to communicate that it’s the headline.1.3 Include visualsIt is always a good idea to include an image. However, this is not a must. It is purely dependent on what your product is. If you think an image will help drive the point home, then use one.Along the lines of images are the use of videos.These can come in handy especially when your product requires some explanations.You can also use a vide o for when you want to include some entertainment aspect to your landing page.1.4 Your landing page should load fastIt is disappointing to click an ad on the search engine results page then watch the screen for more than 5 seconds waiting for the page to load. If this is the behavior of your page, then no-one will wait for your content to load.Ideally, your pages should not take more than 3 seconds to load. If they take anything around 5 seconds, then you need to work on them. Learn how to make pages load faster and improve them.1.5 Include trust signalsYour landing page should not lack any of the various types of trust signals. Trust signals prove to the skeptical reader that you can be trusted.A popular trust signal is Testimonials. These tell the blog visitor that other people have interacted with you and found you to be trustworthy.This makes the visitor confident in doing business with youâ€"whatever the business is.2. Use the Numbers to Show CredibilityAnother great way of mak ing use of the traffic you already have is by utilizing it for building trust. This will prove to be very beneficial regardless of how many loyal readers you already have.However, if you are having a problem with non-converting traffic, then it is possible that you haven’t achieved much credibility in the eyes of your readers.How do you do this?Use any of the traffic analysis tools available online.To make a strong case for yourself, avoid stating that you have X number of visitors every month. That is too general and many bloggers are doing that.Remember that you are working to increase conversions. Even if you are not converting your currently many visitors, build your base afresh for the new visitors. Break down the figures as much as possible. This is for your own analysis.Is the traffic coming only to one blog post? If so, then it means it is only that one post that has numerous backlinks.You can update it and include your numbers to draw in people. You will also use the stat s on your home page. If you have a landing page, include them there too.The idea is to ensure that people know your resources are widely read. That is your first step towards becoming an authority in your niche.If the traffic is hitting several blog posts, then do an average and indicate that individual posts get read by an average of X people.If you are able to get the time the traffic usually gets to your site, then you can also disclose that your posts get read X minutes after publishing them.All these will go a long way in establishing your credibility to new readers. People tend to believe facts and figures and so use these to your advantage. Just keep in mind that you need to up your writing game.Do more copywriting or get a professional to do it because you have to soon start converting your new visitors.If they still get disappointed, then your efforts will have been wasted yet they were meant to rescue you from a bad situation.3. Generate Revenue Using AdsThe last idea we w ill share is to “sell” your traffic. Yes, you can sell your traffic. In fact, many blogs do that. The only thing you should never sell is people’s personal details, i.e. names, email addresses etc.This is closely tied to the above idea of building credibility. In this case however, you are not the one benefiting from your traffic. At least not directly.You will actually be giving others an opportunity to benefit from your traffic. If you for example have 500,000 unique visitors per month, then your blog is a prime advertising platform. There are businesses looking for the right places to advertise.In case you do not know any, do not be afraid of asking. You can start on your blog. Strategically position an ad for advertising space somewhere on your posts. This has to be very visible.Mention some of the figures and ask the people interested to contact “sales.” Create a special email address for this or if you want, let the communication come through your default “info” email address.Designate the size of the banners to indicate the space in your blog you are willing to sell.Unlike someone who is looking for traffic, you already have it. And so, once you implement these ideas, you will instantly see the results.CONCLUSIONRejoice for you now have a remedy to the situation at hand.Implement it and come share the experience with us on the comments section below.

Financial Analysis Coca-Cola - 2218 Words

Financial Analysis for the Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo years 2004 and 2005. Financial Analysis is very important to present how well a company is being managed. Keeping track of financial statements, taxes, audits, and various other areas of financials show how well a company is doing, or better yet has done in these years, and the probability of improvement in the future. Having data on how a company will do in the future is important so that management, investors, and creditors can see if there are areas that need improvement and work on them they become an issue and hinder the growth of the company. In this essay I will compare financial data from Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo. This essay briefly describes what vertical and†¦show more content†¦This essay provides a ratio analysis for each company with tests of the liquidity ratio, the solvency ratio, and the profitability ratio. The Liquidity Ratio measures the short term ability of a company to pay its maturing obligations and to meet unexpected needs for cash (1). This ratio is particularly in teresting for short-term creditors, such as bankers and suppliers, for they are able to access liquidity of the company. There are four ratios that can be used to determine the company’s short-term debt-paying ability. These are: current ratio, acid test, receivables turnover, and inventory turnover. This essay brings the current ratio for Coca Cola and PepsiCo. For the year 2005. Current Ratio for Coca-Cola Company 2005 Current Assets 10,250 divided by Current Liabilities 9,836 = 1.04 (2) There is for Coca-Cola, 1.04 dollars of Current assets for every dollar of current liabilities. Current Ratio for PepsiCo. Inc. 2005 Current Assets 10,454 divided by Current Liabilities 9,406 = 1.11 (2) There are for PepsiCo, 1.11 dollars of Current assets for every dollar of current liabilities. 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Among consumers, it is challenging to decide which of the two leading soft drinks they prefer because the both companies’ products are taking over the soft drink markets by its brand name, and the variety of products’Read MoreFinancial Statement Analysis of Coca-Cola, 20021358 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Statement Analysis of Coca-Cola, 2002 Uploaded by craigi on Jun 13, 2006 Financial Statement Analysis of Coca-Cola, 2002 The following is an analysis based on the annual report presented by the Coca Cola Company, year 2000. I will on behalf of the information shown in the balance sheet, income statement and the cash flow statement, conduct a number of calculations of ratios. Furthermore comment on changes providing an overall status rapport compared to estimations from previous

The Rate Of Population Growth - 1442 Words

Despite a continuing slowdown in the rate of population growth, it is â€Å"almost inevitable† that the number of people on the planet will rise from 7.3 billion today to 9.7 billion in 2050, according to the latest UN projections. Ten years ago, the world population was growing by 1.24% annually; today, the percentage has dropped to 1.18% – or roughly another 83 million people a year. The overall growth rate, which peaked in the late 1960s, has been falling steadily since the 1970s. The UN report attributes the slowdown to the near-global decline in fertility rates – measured as the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime – even in Africa, where the rates remain the highest. However, that fall is being offset by countries in which populations are already large, or where high numbers of children are born. According to the study, nine countries will account for half the world’s population growth between now and 2050: India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, the US, Indonesia and Uganda. â€Å"Continued population growth until 2050 is almost inevitable, even if the decline of fertility accelerates,† says the report, World Population Prospects: the 2015 revision. â€Å"There is an 80% probability that the population of the world will be between 8.4 and 8.6 billion in 2030, between 9.4 and 10 billion in 2050 and between 10 and 12.5 billion in 2100.† By 2050, six countries – China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan and the USShow MoreRelatedThe Population Growth Rate in India1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Population Growth Rate in India For many years concern has been voiced over the seemingly unchecked rate of population growth in India, but the most recent indications are that some success is being achieved in slowing the rate of population growth. 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Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind Free Essays

GENETIC ENGINEERING IS BENEFICIAL TO MANKIND We, Homo sapiens (and every other organism on the planet), become what we are on the basis of the genes we inherit from our parents at the time of our birth. Whether you are tall, short, dark, dusky or fair, have great hair, good health – everything depends on these genes. Earlier these genes were believed to be ‘tamper proof’ and they could not be manipulated. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the human brain and contemporary science does not deem anything as impossible. Thus, we came up with a concept called genetic engineering. Genetic engineering refers to the process of directly tackling an organism’s genes. Molecular cloning and transformation is used in genetic engineering for changing the structure and nature of genes. This technology has brought about a sea change in farming and in human genetics. GE in Human itself The first and one of the most prominent genetic engineering pros is that genetic disorders can be prevented by identifying those genes which cause these diseases in people. The use of genetic engineering to prevent diseases is called gene therapy. This can be extremely advantageous especially when women screen their unborn babies for genetic defects. If there is a chance that the baby can have genetic defects, it can prepare the mother and the doctors before and after the baby delivered. In advanced cases, those problem genes can be corrected. In addition to that, infectious diseases can be controlled and effectively dealt with by implanting genes which code for the antiviral proteins particular to each antigen. Humans can be developed or formed to reflect desirable characteristics. It is being said, theoretically though that this process can drastically change human genomes. This would facilitate in helping people regrow their limbs and other organs. In addition to this, people can be made stronger, faster and smarter, by using genetic engineering in the future. In other cases, if a gene exists in nature which can be good for human beings, it can be ingested in human cells. Soon a possibility of human cloning with the help of human genetics cannot be ruled out. GE in animals Plants and animals can be genetically engineered to make products useful for us. The great example of this is diary animals. Sheep, goats and cows produce a lot of milk. Biologists found that the expression of genes for the major milk proteins is under the control of a promoter. This promoter is a sequence of DNA that causes the adjacent genes to be expressed in the mammary gland. It is called the lactoglobulin promoter. This sets up a really nice opportunity for using genetic engineering. You could take the gene you want expressed in milk and put it into a DNA vector. Then you put this vector into a sheep egg cell. If you do this, the egg can then be developed in the laboratory for a couple of days until it becomes an embryo. You can insert the embryo into a mother and the offspring that are born are sheep that would make milk which contains this extra protein. This was actually behind the reason for cloning Dolly the sheep. GE in Plants Plants can be genetically engineered to make useful products. Genetically engineering a plant is a lot easier than animals. We don’t need to inject into the fertilized egg of a plant. We can take any plant cell grown in a laboratory, put the vector in, and then grow the plant up from that cell. In agriculture, too start off with different crops, genetic engineering can culminate in alteration of the DNA structure of the original crop. This will increase the growth rate of the plant along with its immunity, and resistance towards diseases caused by pathogens and parasites. These factors in turn will be amongst the most important benefits of genetic engineering when it comes to crops. These genetically modified foods could increase the food resources to satisfy everyone’s hunger. This would be done by genetically modified crops for better productivity. These crops could be genetically modified to resist pests, fight bacterial and fungal infections or have great nutritional value. These are just a few benefits of genetic engineering. I’m sure more are coming in the future, as we discover more and more about genes and proteins. How to cite Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind, Essay examples

Social Responsiblity free essay sample

Corporate social responsibility is defined in Chapter 5 as the corporate duty to create wealth by using means that avoid harm to, protect, or enhance societal assets. Did GE in the Welch era fulfill this duty? Could it have been done better? What should it have done? Jack Welch did make GE the most valuable company in the world. He was described as â€Å"the most important and influential business leaders of the 20th Century† by some Wall Street analyst. Nevertheless, Jack Welch as the CEO did not fulfill the duty of social responsibility. He did not avoid harm or protect societal assets. Under Welch’s leadership the GE Company contributed to environmental damages in areas of the country which manufactured GE products. One instants is GE heavily polluted the Hudson River with PCBs, one of the most toxic and persistent man-made substances that can cause cancer in people. From 1947-1977 GE dumped as many as 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsiblity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River. It has turned 197-mile stretch of the river into the nation’s superfund site. Since then there has been a struggle for GE to clean up the mess. In 1980 Congress passed the Superfund law which has created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment. GE has failed to comply with this law. They are fighting the development of clean-up plan with every tool it can buy by lobbying congress, attacking the Superfund law in court, and launching a media bitz to spread disinformation about the usefulness of cleanup, claiming that dredging the river would actually stir up PCBs which was false claimed by EPA and outside experts. If they do not clean up the mess it could cost tax payer $350 to 400 million dollars. This is showing that GE is not protecting society and is actually harming people. When Welch was CEO he could have just cleaned up the mess and it would have reduces the health risk it cased to people. Instead he choose to fight the clean up process which cost him millions while he could have just spent to money and cleaned it up to avoid harm, and protect society. Another way he harmed, and did not enhance society is the number of people he laid off in the company. With is five years of him taking over 1 and 4 people would leave GE payroll. The book states, union leaders estimate that in his last 15 years GE eliminated 150,000 jobs in the United States through layoffs, subcontracting, and out sourcing to foreign countries. With the extensive about of layoffs and outsourcing jobs it hurts the United States economy by increasing the unemployment rate and the American debit ratio. Welch has added the economy of outsourcing which is leaving American’s with out jobs here and unable to find jobs. This is not enhancing are society when the unemployment rate is increasing due to layoff employees and outsourcing jobs over seas. The only way Jack Welch fulfills its primary economic responsibility in paying taxes. They paid 5. 7 billion dollars in taxes in 2000. Taxes do help in society in many ways though. The taxes paid to state and local jurisdictions help pay for police and fire protection. Federal income taxes help pay for defense for the country. They also pay for capital facilities such as highways and other transportation services and for help for those who are poor or ill. Jack Welch believed that he fulfilled his social responsibility by paying taxes because how that helps society. He said, â€Å"I think a company’s social responsibility is first and foremost to winning because winning companies are the only companies that can give back. Winning companies pay taxes. † However, GE pressured cities, countries, and states to lower taxes by threatening to move operations elsewhere. This impacted schools and the infrastructure by lowering the budgets. He believes in paying taxes is his social responsibility but will do anything to lower the taxes which showing his lack of social responsibility and do anything to lower cost to increase profits. Paying taxes is wonderful and all but it is not the only social responsibility that a corporation should have. Jack Welch should have been proactive in his cleaned up the PCBs in the Hudson River, to help prevent the harm of the fish and the citizens who live near and on this American water source. He should have considered the layoffs and what effect outsourcing had on the US economy. It would have been more socially responsibly to have looked for ways to enhance American work force thru innovative ideas and partnering with other businesses in the world. In his defense, he did fulfill the economic responsibility of paying taxes to elp society; he would have done anything in his power to lower the taxes though. He could have done more! 2. Does GE under Welch illustrate a narrower view of corporate social responsibility closer to Friedman’s view that the only social responsibility is to increase profits while obeying the law? Welch does illustrate a narrow view of the corporate social responsibility closer to Friedman’s view. Jack Welch did believe the only social responsibility is to increase profits while obeying the law. Welch said a â€Å"CEO’s primary social responsibility is to assure the financial success of the company. It is all about hitting the numbers with Jack Welch. He did this by doing anything to lower the cost and he delivered the growth figures that could only be dreamed by lesser companies. He improved the company’s market value from twelve billion dollars in 1981 to approximately 280 billion dollars in 2001. He achieved this by closing, selling, or fixing manufactures within GE, and by outsourcing jobs to cut cost in Mexico. Welch’s vision was that every GE business would be the number one or number two competitor in its industry. If the business was not able to hit its numbers he would fix it, sell it, or close it down. He closed 73 plants, sold 232 businesses and eliminated 132,000 workers from GE payroll all to increase profits. Another way he increased profits was outsourcing jobs. It cut cost by moving facilities jobs to Mexico’s low wage labor markets. Ed Fire, the union’s president, estimated that two-thirds of the 30,000 lost jobs were simply transferred to low-wage countries. He would find the lowest wages, lowest benefit levels, and most intolerant working conditions to help boost revenue. GE has eliminated additional jobs in the United States by pressuring its suppliers as while to migrate along with it to Mexico. By this they have eliminated a large number of jobs in the US. This is not helping protect society with job security. It is only helping the company increase profits which show that GE only believes its social responsibility is to increase profits and not help the society. GE did increase profit by obey the law. However they are such a powerful company with too much political power and usually the laws are written in their favor. This makes it easier for them to obey the laws since Welch used his influences to get rulings in GE’s favor. An example of Welch influential powers is a court case in 2004. In the case, Judge S. R. Underhill ruled in favor of GE in a tax case involving events that took place from 1993-1998. The main issue is whether a corporation can ethically exploit features of the tax law. In this case, GE shifted 98 percent of the taxable income to two non-taxable Dutch Banks, but did not shift 98 percent of the benefits. Also, the GE tax process resulted in fully depreciated airplanes being depreciated a second tome. The courts ruled in his favor (Bierman). Jack Welch did have a narrow prospective to corporate social responsibility. He sole thought that increase profits was it. He should this by saying the only good company is a â€Å"winning† company. . How well did GE comply with the â€Å"General Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility† set forth in the section of the title in the chapter? The general principles stated in the book are and how Jack Welch complied to the principles are: †¢ Corporations are economic intuitions run for profit. This principle is about the greatest responsibility is to provide economic benefits. Jack Welch manly ran his corporation by this principle alone. In this principle it believes that they should be judged primarily on economic criteria and cannot be expected to meet purely social objectives without financial incentives. All firms must follow multiple bodies of laws. This principle includes obeying corporation laws and chartering provisions, the civil and criminal laws of nations and bodies of regulation that protect stakeholders, and international laws. GE does obey the laws and regulations stowed abound them. However, the company is too politically powerful and regulations are written in favor of GE some critics state. †¢Corporations have a duty to correct the adverse social impact they cause. It states that they should try to internalize external cost, or cost of production borne by society. GE has not fulfilled its duty with this principle. GE in 1977, as stated in question on, dumped 1. 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River which impact the society around the area and the fish in the river. The harmful toxins have been linked to cancer. GE has refused to clean up the mess. They are fighting the clean up with every means necessary. They are not trying to help society with the damage it has caused. It will probably in the end cause tax payers money to clean up the mess. †¢Managers should try to meet legitimate needs of stakeholders. In this principle, manager’s primary responsibility is to customers, stockholders and employees. GE did care about its stockholders. For instance, an example from the text book stated that if you invested $100 in GE stock in 1981 and held it there for 20 years it would have been worth $6,749. This shows that he had a great deal of interest in the money that the stockholders make. Shareholders were enriched with Jack Welch as CEO. Earnings per share rose from $0. 46 in 1981 to a rising to $1. 07 in 2000. He said he had a great deal of interest in his employees; however he laid off one and four employees. Corporations should accept a measure of accountability toward stakeholders and publicly report on their market, mandated and voluntary actions. GE did report this action which made is confirmable to parties outside the firm. The voluntary actions that was reported for its philanthropic foundation, was that they donated forty million in grants to colleges, universities, and nonp rofit groups in the United States. Also, former GE employees volunteered one million hours community services. In market actions it creates several hundreds of jobs, pays 5. 7 billion dollars in taxes, and makes valuable products for society. In mandated actions, GE follows government regulations and agreements negotiated with stakeholders apparent to the public. After evaluating the general principles of social responsibilities Jack Welch didn’t apply himself to the principles. They one only he applied his company to was the institution is run for profits. He also cared a lot about making the money for the shareholders. Nevertheless, he lacked the responsibility to his employees and environmental society. 4. What are the pros and cons of ranking shareholders over employees and other stakeholders? Is it wrong to see employees as costs of production? Should GE have rebalanced its priorities? A United States survey states, â€Å"8 out of 10 directors rank shareholders ahead of all stakeholders including employees (2). They are doing all they can to enhance shareholders value. The shareholders collectively own that company. And there interests are solely in the profit and performance and the direction the organization is in. The shareholders play an important role in raising finance of the organization. By ranking the shareholder ahead of the other stakeholder they are maximizing profits and shares. Shareholders give the organization continuous pressure to deliver results. They want a return on there investment. They want a management style where the need is only to increase profits which results in excessive pressure on the employees. The best interest of the company finances is not always in the best interest on the employees, the shareholders believe. When focusing on what the shareholders what the organization gets lost in the business environment focusing on profits instead of the people, the employees and other stakeholders. What they forget is that the stakeholders and employees are the business and the ones making the profits. The employees are the business greatest assets. If the focus just stays on the shareholders which are profit generated, over their employees, they will soon loss their only profit generating resource. As a result, corporations need to ensure the stakeholders are satisfied first to produce a profit. Growing the business and ensuring employees are fairly treated should the up most importance by managers and directors. Employees are part of cost of production. Costs are defined as those expenses faced by a business in the process of supplying goods and services to consumers. There is fixed and variable cost in production. Employees are apart of fixed cost by the salary of wages they receive. The variable cost for employees includes the wages of part-time staff or employees paid by the hour. Employees are huge part of production cost. GE should rebalance some of its responsibilities. Jack Welch should have taken more interest in his employees well being and the environment. Like now under the supervision of Jeffery Immelt, is in the process of rebalancing a culture shift of involvement in the environment. He has â€Å"Ecomagination† campaign featuring a loveable dancing rain-forest elephant that projects a friendly corporate face. They are now also marketing environmentally friendlier technologies such as wind power. He is trying to shift the focus from the shareholder to the stakeholders which Welch should have done. There is no doubt that Jack Welch is one of the most admired CEO’s of the 20th century. He turned one of America’s oldest companies into one of its largest income producing mega organization in the world but at a cost to society and individuals. In our new business models we should take the best of Jack Welch’s era and mix it with the new.